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- <text id=89TT1961>
- <title>
- July 31, 1989: How Motown Lost Its Big Mo
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- July 31, 1989 Doctors And Patients
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 34
- How Motown Lost Its Big Mo
- </hdr><body>
- <p> While the rest of the U.S. economy is still creaking
- forward, the recession monitor is flashing yellow in Detroit.
- The reckoning was postponed for months by the Big Three's
- inveterate optimism, which kept assembly plants cranking out
- cars as though nothing were wrong, and by Detroit's ever
- sweetening sales incentives. But by the end of the year's second
- quarter, evidence of a reversal was clearly at hand: during the
- first six months of 1989, total car sales in the U.S. fell 7.2%
- from last year's first half, to 5.1 million.
- </p>
- <p> Inventories of unsold cars have swollen to 1.8 million
- vehicles. At current sales levels, that is a 75-day supply,
- well above what is considered healthy, and Detroit is finally
- acknowledging the sharp downturn in demand and cutting
- production plans for the rest of the year. Output at General
- Motors assembly plants in the third quarter will be the lowest
- of any July-September period in 19 years, Chrysler's the
- smallest in a decade. While none of the automakers are
- scheduling long-term shutdowns, many workers are being idled for
- the first time since the last recession. Ford, which has run
- continuous overtime for the past five years, announced layoffs
- at Escort plants in Edison, N.J., and Wayne, Mich., and will
- temporarily close Taurus and Sable assembly plants in Chicago
- and Atlanta.
- </p>
- <p> The downturn is at least partly the result of selling so
- many cars in the past few years. "The fleet is quite young, the
- warranties are longer, and the quality is better. People don't
- feel a pressing need for new cars," says Arvid Jouppi, who
- follows the industry for Keane Securities in Detroit. The boom
- has flooded the market with used cars, which are now selling at
- a steep discount, making them a more attractive alternative to
- new models. A two-year-old Ford Tempo, for example, sells for
- $3,500 less than a new one.
- </p>
- <p> Then there is the industry's oddball marketing logic, in
- which automakers raise prices and offer discounts at the same
- time. Prices of U.S.-made autos have doubled within the decade,
- to an average of $14,000. "The strength of the deutsche mark and
- yen caused importers to raise prices rather quickly. But instead
- of taking advantage of that, American makers raised their prices
- along with them," says Ron Tonkin, president of the National
- Automobile Dealers Association. This year buyers can anticipate
- yet another round of increases, ranging from 4% to 7% on 1990
- models. To reduce sticker shock, the Big Three renewed incentive
- programs earlier this month, offering as much as 10% off basic
- prices. But such come-ons are losing their potency.
- </p>
- <p> Since the downturn began, Japanese manufacturers have made
- even greater inroads than in healthy times. Honda, Toyota,
- Nissan and Mazda posted higher sales and gains in U.S. market
- share in the first half of 1989, largely at the expense of
- European imports, Chrysler and GM. Of the Big Three, only Ford
- managed to raise its market share, because its sales slump has
- been smaller than that of its rivals.
- </p>
- <p> Since the auto industry accounts for 16% of all durable
- goods produced in the U.S., any serious contraction will create
- noticeable ripples in the rest of the economy. Detroit's
- slowdown has already dragged machine-tool sales to a level 37%
- below last year's. So far, however, no one expects the downturn
- to match the disaster of 1982, when U.S. auto sales hit a nadir
- of 8 million. "We're not going to fall off the roof and break
- a leg," predicts analyst Jouppi. "It will be more in the nature
- of jumping off the porch and skinning a knee."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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